tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-84835649216554279972024-02-08T01:10:01.258+05:30Vibhor Gaur's Linux SupportVibhor Gaur's Linux Support Blog is helpful for Administrators & Linux Users.Vibhor Gaurhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13254609138390029867noreply@blogger.comBlogger13125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8483564921655427997.post-89476395935298378522009-07-13T17:15:00.002+05:302009-07-15T12:59:32.247+05:30How to Configure NIS Server (Network Information Services)<p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0in;text-align:justify"><span style="Arial","sans-serif"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Network Information Services (NIS) enables you to create user accounts that can be shared across all systems on your network. The user account is created only on the NIS server. NIS clients download the necessary username and password data from the NIS server to verify each user login.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0in;text-align:justify"><span style="Arial","sans-serif"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">An advantage of NIS is that users need to change their passwords on the NIS server only, instead of every system on the network. This makes NIS popular in computer training labs, distributed software development projects or any other situation where groups of people have to share many different computers.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0in;text-align:justify"><span style="Arial","sans-serif"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">The disadvantages are that NIS doesn't encrypt the username and password information sent to the clients with each login and that all users have access to the encrypted passwords stored on the NIS server. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:1.2pt; margin-left:.25in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops:list .5in"><a name="Scenario"></a><span style="font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">§<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="Arial","sans-serif";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">We need to have a main Linux server, having a large amount of disk space and will be used as both the NIS server and NFS-based file server.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:1.2pt; margin-left:.25in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops:list .5in"><span style=" font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">§<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="Arial","sans-serif"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Users logging into the PCs will be assigned home directories on server and not on the PCs themselves.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:1.2pt; margin-left:.25in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops:list .5in"><span style=" font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">§<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="Arial","sans-serif"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Each user's home directory will be automatically mounted with each user login on the PCs using NFS.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:1.2pt; margin-left:.25in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops:list .5in"><span style=" font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">§<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="Arial","sans-serif"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">NIS RPMs need to be installed on the server and client as ypserve and yp-tools are on the server, and ypbind and yp-tools are on the client.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:1.2pt; margin-left:38.4pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops:list .5in"><span style=" font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">1.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="Arial","sans-serif"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Configure Server as an NFS server to make its /home directory available to the Linux workstations.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:1.2pt; margin-left:38.4pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops:list .5in"><span style=" font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">2.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="Arial","sans-serif"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Configure Client as an NFS client that can access Server's /home directory.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:1.2pt; margin-left:38.4pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops:list .5in"><span style=" font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">3.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="Arial","sans-serif"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Configure Server as an NIS server.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:1.2pt; margin-left:38.4pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops:list .5in"><span style=" font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">4.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="Arial","sans-serif"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Create a user account (nisuser) on Server that doesn't exist on Client. Convert the account to a NIS user account.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:1.2pt; margin-left:38.4pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops:list .5in"><span style=" font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">5.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="Arial","sans-serif"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Configure Client as an NIS client.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:1.2pt; margin-left:38.4pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops:list .5in"><span style=" font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">6.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="Arial","sans-serif"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Test a remote login from Server to Client using the username and password of the account nisuser.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0in;text-align:justify"><a name="Configuring_The_NFS_Server"></a><span style="Arial","sans-serif";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0in;text-align:justify"><span style="Arial","sans-serif"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Steps to configure the NFS server <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0in;text-align:justify"><span style="Arial","sans-serif"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">1. Edit the /etc/exports file to allow NFS mounts of the /home directory with read/write access.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0in;text-align:justify"><span style="Arial","sans-serif"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">/home<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>*(rw,sync)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0in;text-align:justify"><span style="Arial","sans-serif"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">2. NFS will read the /etc/exports file for the new entry, and make /home available to the network with the exportfs command.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0in;text-align:justify"><span style="Arial","sans-serif"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">#exportfs -a<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0in;text-align:justify"><span style="Arial","sans-serif"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">3. Make sure the required nfs, nfslock, and portmap daemons are both running and configured to start after the next reboot.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"># chkconfig nfslock on<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"># chkconfig nfs on<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"># chkconfig portmap on<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"># service portmap start<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">Starting portmapper: [<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>OK<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>]<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"># service nfslock start<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">Starting NFS statd: [<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>OK<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>]<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"># service nfs start<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">Starting NFS services:<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>[<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>OK<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>]<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">Starting NFS quotas: [<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>OK<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>]<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">Starting NFS daemon: [<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>OK<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>]<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">Starting NFS mountd: [<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>OK<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>]<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0in;text-align:justify"><span style="Arial","sans-serif"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">We have successfully configured our NFS Server.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0in;text-align:justify"><a name="Configuring_The_NFS_Client"></a><span style="Arial","sans-serif";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">We also need to configure the NFS clients to mount their /home directories on the NFS server.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0in;text-align:justify"><span style="Arial","sans-serif"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">1. Here we have to make sure the required netfs, nfslock, and portmap daemons are running and configured to start after the next reboot.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"># chkconfig nfslock on<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"># chkconfig netfs on<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"># chkconfig portmap on<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"># service portmap start<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">Starting portmapper: [<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>OK<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>]<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"># service netfs start<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">Mounting other filesystems:<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>[<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>OK<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>]<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"># service nfslock start<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">Starting NFS statd: [<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>OK<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>]<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0in;text-align:justify"><span style="Arial","sans-serif"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">2. We can keep a copy of the old /home directory, and create a new directory /home on which we'll mount the NFS server's directory.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"># mv /home /home.save<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"># mkdir /home<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0in;text-align:justify"><span style="Arial","sans-serif"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">3. Here we have to make sure that we can mount Server's /home directory on the new /home directory we had just created. Unmount it once everything looks correct.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"># mount *.*.*.*:/home /home/<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"># umount /home<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0in;text-align:justify"><span style="Arial","sans-serif"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">4. Start configuring autofs automounting. Edit your /etc/auto.master file to refer to file /etc/auto.home for mounting information whenever the /home directory is accessed. After five minutes, autofs unmounts the directory.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">#/etc/auto.master<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">/home<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>/etc/auto.home --timeout 600<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0in;text-align:justify"><span style="Arial","sans-serif"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">5. Edit file /etc/auto.home to do the NFS mount whenever the /home directory is accessed. If the line is too long to view on your screen, you can add a \ character at the end to continue on the next line.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">#/etc/auto.home<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">*<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>--fstype=nfs *.*.*.*:/home/&<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0in;text-align:justify"><span style="Arial","sans-serif"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0in;text-align:justify"><span style="Arial","sans-serif"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">6. Start autofs and make sure it starts after the next reboot with the chkconfig command.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"># chkconfig autofs on<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"># service autofs restart<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">Stopping automount:[<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>OK<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>]<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">Starting automount:[<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>OK<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>]<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0in;text-align:justify"><span style="Arial","sans-serif"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0in;text-align:justify"><span style="Arial","sans-serif"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">All newly added Linux users will now be assigned a home directory under the new remote /home directory. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><a name="Configuring_The_NIS_Server" id="Configuring_The_NIS_Server" style="background-repeat:initial;background-attachment: initial;-webkit-background-clip: initial;-webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color:initial;background-position:initial initial"></a><span class="mw-headline"><b><span style="Arial","sans-serif"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:red;">Configuration of The NIS Server<a name="Install_the_NIS_Server_Packages"></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="mw-headline"><b><span style=" Arial","sans-serif";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:red;">Install the NIS Server Packages</span></b></span><span style="color:red;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <div style="mso-element:para-border-div;border:none;border-bottom:solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt:solid #AAAAAA .75pt;padding:0in 0in 2.0pt 0in"> <h2 style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1in;margin-left:0in; text-align:justify;border:none;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:0in 0in 2.0pt 0in"><a name="Edit_Your_.2Fetc.2Fsysconfig.2Fnetwork_F"></a><span style="Arial","sans-serif";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">ypserve and yp-tools on the server</span><span class="mw-headline"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif";font-weight:normalfont-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:teal;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></h2> <h2 style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1in;margin-left:0in; text-align:justify;border:none;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:0in 0in 2.0pt 0in"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="Arial","sans-serif";font-weight: normalfont-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:teal;"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></h2> </div> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="mw-headline"><b><span style=" Arial","sans-serif";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:red;">Edit Your /etc/sysconfig/network File</span></b></span><span style="color:red;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">#/etc/sysconfig/network<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">NISDOMAIN="domainname"<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><a name="Edit_Your_.2Fetc.2Fyp.conf_File"></a><span class="mw-headline"><b><span style="Arial","sans-serif"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:red;">Edit Your /etc/yp.conf File</span></b></span><span style="color:red;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0in;text-align:justify"><span style="Arial","sans-serif"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">NIS servers also have to be NIS clients themselves, so we'll have to edit the NIS client configuration file /etc/yp.conf to list the domain's NIS server as being the server itself or localhost.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"># /etc/yp.conf - ypbind configuration file<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">ypserver 127.0.0.1<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><a name="Start_The_Key_NIS_Server_Related_Daemons"></a><span style="Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"># service portmap start<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">Starting portmapper: [<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>OK<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>]<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"># service yppasswdd start<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">Starting YP passwd service: [<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>OK<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>]<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"># service ypserv start<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">Setting NIS domain name DOMAINNAME:<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>[<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>OK<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>]<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">Starting YP server services: [<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>OK<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>]<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"># chkconfig portmap on<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"># chkconfig yppasswdd on<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"># chkconfig ypserv on<o:p></o:p></span></p> <h3 style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.05in;margin-left: 0in;text-align:justify"><a name="Table_30-1_Required_NIS_Server_Daemons"></a><span class="mw-headline"><span style="Arial","sans-serif"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></h3> <h3 style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.05in;margin-left: 0in;text-align:justify"><span class="mw-headline"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Required NIS Server Daemons<o:p></o:p></span></span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Portmap == The foundation RPC daemon upon which NIS runs.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Yppasswdd == Lets users change their passwords on the NIS server from NIS clients<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Ypserv == Main NIS server daemon</span><span style="Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Ypbind == Main NIS client daemon</span><span style="Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">For the portmap info.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"># rpcinfo -p localhost <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><a name="Initialize_Your_NIS_Domain"></a><span class="mw-headline"><b><span style="Arial","sans-serif"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:red;">Initialize Your NIS Domain</span></b></span><span style="color:red;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"># /usr/lib/yp/ypinit -m<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0in;text-align:justify"><b><span style="Arial","sans-serif"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Note:</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="Arial","sans-serif";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> Be</span></span><span style="Arial","sans-serif";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> sure portmap is running before trying this step or you'll get errors, such as:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">failed to send 'clear' to local ypserv: RPC: Port mapper failureUpdating group.bygid...<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0in;text-align:justify"><span style="Arial","sans-serif"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0in;text-align:justify"><span style="Arial","sans-serif"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">You will have to delete the /var/yp/DOMAINNAME directory and restart portmap, yppasswd, and ypserv before you'll be able to do this again successfully.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <div style="mso-element:para-border-div;border:none;border-bottom:solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt:solid #AAAAAA .75pt;padding:0in 0in 2.0pt 0in"> <h2 style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1in;margin-left:0in; text-align:justify;border:none;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:0in 0in 2.0pt 0in;background-repeat:initial; background-attachment:initial;-webkit-background-clip: initial;-webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color:initial;background-position:initial initial"><a name="Start_The_ypbind_and_ypxfrd_Daemons" id="Start_The_ypbind_and_ypxfrd_Daemons" style="background-repeat:initial; background-attachment:initial;-webkit-background-clip: initial;-webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color:initial;background-position:initial initial"></a><span class="mw-headline"><span style="Arial","sans-serif"; font-weight:normalfont-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:teal;"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></h2> </div> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="mw-headline"><b><span style=" Arial","sans-serif";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:red;">Start The ypbind and ypxfrd Daemons</span></b></span><span style="color:red;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"># service ypbind start<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">Binding to the NIS domain: [<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>OK<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>]<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">Listening for an NIS domain server.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"># service ypxfrd start<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">Starting YP map server: [<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>OK<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>]<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"># chkconfig ypbind on<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"># chkconfig ypxfrd on<o:p></o:p></span></p> <div style="mso-element:para-border-div;border:none;border-bottom:solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt:solid #AAAAAA .75pt;padding:0in 0in 2.0pt 0in"> <h2 style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1in;margin-left:0in; text-align:justify;border:none;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:0in 0in 2.0pt 0in"><a name="Make_Sure_The_Daemons_Are_Running"></a><span class="mw-headline"><span style="Arial","sans-serif";font-weight: normalfont-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:teal;"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></h2> </div> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="mw-headline"><b><span style=" Arial","sans-serif";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:red;">Make Sure The Daemons Are Running</span></b></span><span style="color:red;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0in;text-align:justify"><span style="Arial","sans-serif"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">All the NIS daemons use RPC port mapping and, therefore, are listed using the rpcinfo command when they are running correctly.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"># rpcinfo -p localhost<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>program vers proto<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>port<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>100000<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>2<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>tcp<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>111<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>portmapper<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>100000<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>2<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>udp<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>111<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>portmapper<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>100003<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>2<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>udp<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>2049<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>nfs<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>100003<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>3<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>udp<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>2049<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>nfs<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>100021<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>1<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>udp<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>1024<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>nlockmgr<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>100021<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>3<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>udp<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>1024<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>nlockmgr<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>100021<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>4<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>udp<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>1024<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>nlockmgr<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>100004<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>2<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>udp<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>784<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>ypserv<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>100004<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>1<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>udp<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>784<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>ypserv<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>100004<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>2<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>tcp<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>787<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>ypserv<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>100004<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>1<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>tcp<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>787<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>ypserv<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>100009<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>1<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>udp<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>798<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>yppasswdd<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>600100069<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>1<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>udp<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>850<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>fypxfrd<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>600100069<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>1<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>tcp<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>852<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>fypxfrd<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>100007<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>2<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>udp<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>924<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>ypbind<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>100007<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>1<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>udp<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>924<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>ypbind<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>100007<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>2<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>tcp<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>927<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>ypbind<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>100007<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>1<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>tcp<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>927<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>ypbind<o:p></o:p></span></p> <div style="mso-element:para-border-div;border:none;border-bottom:solid #048444 1.5pt; padding:0in 0in 2.0pt 0in"> <h1 style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1in;margin-left:0in; text-align:justify;border:none;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid #048444 1.5pt; padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:0in 0in 2.0pt 0in"><a name="Adding_New_NIS_Users"></a><span class="mw-headline"><span style="Arial","sans-serif"; font-weight:normalfont-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:green;"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></h1> </div> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">Add NIS User<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"># useradd -g users nisuser<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"># passwd nisuser<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">Changing password for user nisuser.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">New password:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">Retype new password:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"># cd /var/yp<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"># make<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">gmake[1]: Entering directory `/var/yp/DOMAINNAME'<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">Updating passwd.byname...<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">Updating passwd.byuid...<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">Updating netid.byname...<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">gmake[1]: Leaving directory `/var/yp/DOMAINNAME'<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><a name="Configuring_The_NIS_Client"></a><span class="mw-headline"><b><span style="Arial","sans-serif"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:red;">Configuring The NIS Client</span></b></span><span style="color:red;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><a name="Run_authconfig"></a><span class="mw-headline"><b><span style="Arial","sans-serif";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:red;">Run authconfig</span></b></span><span style="color:red;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0in;text-align:justify"><span style="Arial","sans-serif"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">The<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><code><span style="Arial","sans-serif";background:#F9F9F9font-family:";">authconfig</span></code><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>or the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><code><span style="Arial","sans-serif"; background:#F9F9F9font-family:";">authconfig-tui</span></code><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>program automatically configures your NIS files after prompting you for the IP address and domain of the NIS server.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"># authconfig-tui<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0in;text-align:justify"><span style="Arial","sans-serif"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Once finished, it should create an /etc/yp.conf file that defines, amongst other things, the IP address of the NIS server for a particular domain. It also edits the /etc/sysconfig/network file to define the NIS domain to which the NIS client belongs.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"># /etc/yp.conf - ypbind configuration file<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">domain DOMAINNAME server *.*.*.*<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">#/etc/sysconfig/network<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">NISDOMAIN=DOMAINNAME<o:p></o:p></span></p> <div style="mso-element:para-border-div;border:none;border-bottom:solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt:solid #AAAAAA .75pt;padding:0in 0in 2.0pt 0in"> <h2 style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1in;margin-left:0in; text-align:justify;border:none;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:0in 0in 2.0pt 0in"><a name="Start_The_NIS_Client_Related_Daemons"></a><span class="mw-headline"><span style="Arial","sans-serif";font-weight: normalfont-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:teal;"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></h2> </div> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="mw-headline"><b><span style=" Arial","sans-serif";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:red;">Start The NIS Client Related Daemons</span></b></span><span style="color:red;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0in;text-align:justify"><span style="Arial","sans-serif"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Start the ypbind NIS client, and portmap daemons in the /etc/init.d directory and use the chkconfig command to ensure they start after the next reboot. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"># service portmap start<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">Starting portmapper: [<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>OK<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>]<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"># service ypbind start<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">Binding to the NIS domain:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">Listening for an NIS domain server.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"># chkconfig ypbind on<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"># chkconfig portmap on<o:p></o:p></span></p> <div style="mso-element:para-border-div;border:none;border-bottom:solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt:solid #AAAAAA .75pt;padding:0in 0in 2.0pt 0in"> <h2 style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1in;margin-left:0in; text-align:justify;border:none;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:0in 0in 2.0pt 0in"><a name="Verify_Name_Resolution"></a><a name="Test_Logins_via_The_NIS_Server"></a><span class="mw-headline"><span style="Arial","sans-serif";font-weight: normalfont-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:teal;"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></h2> </div> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="mw-headline"><b><span style=" Arial","sans-serif";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:red;">Test Logins via The NIS Server</span></b></span><span style="color:red;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <h3 style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.05in;margin-left: 0in;text-align:justify"><a name="Logging_In_Via_Telnet"></a><span class="mw-headline"><span style="Arial","sans-serif"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Logging In Via Telnet</span></span><span style=" Arial","sans-serif";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0in;text-align:justify"><span style="Arial","sans-serif"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Try logging into the NIS client via telnet if it is enabled<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"># telnet 192.168.1.2<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">Trying 192.168.1.2<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">Connected to 192.168.1.2.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">Escape character is '^]'.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">Red Hat Linux release 9 (Shrike)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">Kernel 2.4.20-6 on an i686<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">login: nisuser<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">Password:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">Last login: Sun Nov 16 22:03:51 from 192-168-1-100<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">[nisuser@Client nisuser]$<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <h3 style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.05in;margin-left: 0in;text-align:justify"><a name="Logging_In_Via_SSH"></a><span class="mw-headline"><span style="Arial","sans-serif"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Logging In Via SSH</span></span><span style=" Arial","sans-serif";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0in;text-align:justify"><span style="Arial","sans-serif"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Try logging into the NIS client via SSH.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"># ssh -l nisuser 192.168.1.102<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">nisuser@192.168.1.102's password:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Arial","sans-serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">[nisuser@Client nisuser]$<o:p></o:p></span></p>Vibhor Gaurhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13254609138390029867noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8483564921655427997.post-91209737214799655212009-07-10T16:58:00.000+05:302009-07-10T16:59:02.896+05:30Linux Startup Services<h3><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#800080;"><br /></span></h3> <p><span style="color:black">Startup services are services run at boot time. They may be provided by daemon programs running in the background or are one time only programs run during the bootup to provide some function to the system. Here we can have a brief overview of these services. Those services that can be started using Redhat's linuxconf program. Not all are necessarily daemon programs. Also it is possible to set up other startup programs, daemons, or services that are not included in this list. There are 3 basic categories to these services.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <ul type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="color:black;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in">A one time only program run at bootup to provide a function to the system such as kudzu, or keytable.<o:p></o:p></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="color:black;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in">A program run as a daemon upon startup that provides system services such as gpm, autofs, cron, and atd.<o:p></o:p></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="color:black;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in">A program run as a daemon upon startup that provides networking services such as dhcpd, bootparamd, arpwatch, gated, and httpd.<o:p></o:p></li> </ul> <table class="MsoNormalTable" border="0" cellpadding="0" style="mso-cellspacing:1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook:1184"> <tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">amd</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">Runs the automount daemon for remote filesystem mounting such as nfs.</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:1"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">apmd</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">Monitors battery status and can shut down the system if power is low.</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:2"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">arpwatch</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">Keeps track of ethernet IP address parings what are resolved using the ARP protocol. This allows system administrators to note new IP addresses being used. It maintains a database in /var/arpwatch/arp.dat.</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:3"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">atd</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">Runs commands scheduled by the "at" program at their scheduled times. Jobs are stored in /var/spool/at</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:4"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">autofs</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">Also called the automount daemon, it is used to automatically mount filesystems on demand. It is especially worthwhile for working with removeable media such as floppies or CD ROM disks.</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:5"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">bootparamd</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">Allows remote computers to boot from a Linux box using the BOOTP network protocol. This allows the remote computer to get its IP address if the server knows the hardware address of the remote machine. The DHCP protocol is an upgrade to this protocol since it is more automated.</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:6"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">crond</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">A daeman that executes scheduled commands according to the /etc/crontab file. It can be used to clean up temporary files in /tmp and /var/tmp and other places.</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:7"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">dhcpd</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">Provides DHCP services to "lease" out IP addresses to remote machines.</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:8"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">firewall</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:9"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">gated</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">Provides routing services for BGP and other protocols. Alternative to routed. Supports IGP (Interior gateway protocol) and EGP (Exterior Gateway Protocol).</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:10"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">gpm</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">Provides mouse support to Linux.</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:11"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">httpd</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">The Apache hypertext transfer protocol Web server.</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:12"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">identd</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">Server implementing the TCP/IP proposed standard IDENT user identification protocol in RFC 1413. It returns user information to a remote host that a user is requesting a service from. Also called auth.</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:13"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">inet</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">The internet super daemon (inetd) that provides all the services specified in /etc/inetd.conf.</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:14"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">innd</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">The Usenet news server</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:15"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">isdn</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">Provides ISDN (networking interface) services. See the isdnctrl man page for more information. The isdnctrl program is used to set up isdn interfaces. Pertinent files are /etc/sysconfig/activeisdn, /dev/isnnctrl, /etc/sysconfig/provider, and /var/log/isdn.log.</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:16"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">keytable</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">Loads the appropriate keyboard map from /etc/sysconfig/keyboard. This does not set up a daemon program to reside in the background, but just loads the keyboard keytable and the system font.</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:17"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">kudzu</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">Detects and configures new or changed hardware on a system. This program is run once when the system boots and does not run as a daemon in the background.</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:18"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">ldap</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">Lightweight directory access protocol package which provides client/server based directory database services which runs on UNIX platforms over TCP/IP. RFC is 1777.</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:19"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">linuxconf</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">According to Redhat it is a post startup hook for linuxconf. It does not run as a daemon.</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:20"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">lpd</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">Provides printing services to Linux. It is a print spooler daemon.</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:21"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">mars-nwe</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">Loads the MARS Netware compatible file and print server daemon called nwserv. Allows a Linux machine to be used as a file and printserver for netware based clients using IPX/SPX.</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:22"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">mcserv</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">Allows users on remote machines to use the midcommander file manager to work with files. It uses the PAM library for authentication.</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:23"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">named</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">Provides DNS services. It is a name server used to translate local IP addresses to names and vice-versa.</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:24"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">netfs</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">Mounts and unmounts Network Fils System (NFS), Windows (SMB), and Netware (NCP) file systems. The mount command is used to perform this operation and no daemon is run in the background.</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:25"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">network</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">Brings up all the network interfaces under the directory /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts. Also controls IP_forwarding and IP_defrag.</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:26"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">nfs</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">Provides Network File System server services</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:27"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">nfslock</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">NFS file locking service. Starts the daemons rpc.locked and rpc.statd. The rpc.statd daemon implements the Network Status Monitor (NSM) RPC protocol which is a reboot notification service used to implement file lock recovery when an NFS server crashes and reboots.</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:28"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">nscd</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">The name switch cache daemon. which handles password and group lookups for running programs and caches the information for the next query. Normally this daemon is used to support NIS.</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:29"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">pcmcia</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">Provides access to PCMCIA (PC Cards) services configured in the /etc/exports file.</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:30"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">portmap</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">Provides Remote Procedure Call (RPC) support for other protocols like NFS.</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:31"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">postgresql</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">Runs the postgres database and provides SQL services. It runs the daemon postmaster.</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:32"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">pulse</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">Heartbeat daemon for monitoring the health of lvs (Redhat clustering services) cluster nodes. This tool is used for clustering machines.</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:33"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">pxe</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">A preboot execution environment (PXE) server. Allows network boot of other PXE machines. PXE is a standard developed by Intel for a means of booting various operating systems on remote machines.</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:34"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">random</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">Saves and restores a random value used to generate better random numbers for security. No daemon program is invoked for this operation.</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:35"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">routed</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">Provides for automatic router table updates using the RIP dynamic routing information protocol.</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:36"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">rstatd</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">The rstat protocol allows users on a network to get performance information for any machine on the network. Runs the rpc.rstatd daemon which provides performance statistics retrieved from the kernel usually by using the "rup" command.</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:37"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">rusersd</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">Provides services that allow users to find one another over the network.</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:38"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">rwalld</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">Provides users with an ability to use the rwall command to write messages on remote terminals.</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:39"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">rwhod</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">The rwho protocol lets remote users get a list of all users logged onto a machine by running the rwho daemon.</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:40"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">sendmail</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">The sendmail mail transport agent daemon used to move e-mail from one machine to another.</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:41"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">smb</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">Provides SMB (Samba) client/server services which include file and print services. It allows Linux computers to exchange file and printer services with Microsoft Windows based systems.</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:42"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">snmpd</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">Provides Simple Network Management Protocol support to Linux.</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:43"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">squid</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">Runs the squid proxy web server</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:44"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">syslog</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">System logging daemon which records system events to log files usually in the directory "/var/log". The actual name of the daemon is klogd.</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:45"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">xfs</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">X font file server</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:46"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">xntpd</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">Starts the Network Time Protocol NTPv3 daemon. NTP provides a means to synchronize time and coordinate time distribution in a large, diverse internet operating at all speeds. RFC 1305 describes this protocol.</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:47"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">ypbind</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">Binds YP/NIS clients to a yellow pages server. NIS (Network Information Service) is a name service created by Sun.</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:48"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">yppasswdd</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">Allows users to change their passwords on systems running YP/NIS</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:49;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">ypserv</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">This daemon provides the YP/NIS (Network Information System) server functions</p> </td> </tr></tbody></table>Vibhor Gaurhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13254609138390029867noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8483564921655427997.post-3024005849818980222009-07-10T16:55:00.000+05:302009-07-10T16:56:41.730+05:30Linux Deamons<h3><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; ">Here we can have a brief overview of miscellaneous daemons running on the system and their function.</span></h3> <table class="MsoNormalTable" border="0" cellpadding="0" style="mso-cellspacing:1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook:1184"> <tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">init</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">The first process to start after the kernel. It controls the system runlevel and adapts any child whose parent dies.</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:1"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">nmbd</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">Responds to netbios name service requests for Samba works in conjunction with Samba which is why it is not mentioned under startup services..</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:2"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">update (kupdate)</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">Does a sync every 30 seconds. A sync is an updating of memory pages, or virtual memory pages that have been changed, but not saved to the swap disk</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:3"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">bdflush (kflushd)</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">Started by update - does a more imperfect sync more frequently</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:4"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">(kpiod)</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:5"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">(kswapd)</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:6;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes"> <td nowrap="" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">getty</p> </td> <td width="20" style="width:15.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"></td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal">Listens for connections at terminals</p> </td> </tr></tbody></table>Vibhor Gaurhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13254609138390029867noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8483564921655427997.post-52509017778626966032009-05-22T16:08:00.000+05:302009-05-22T16:35:05.697+05:30Run Level Services<div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">You will notice that there are quite a lot of services enabled on your system. But many runlevel services (Stand-Alone Services) are not related services like kudzu which is responsible for detecting and configuring new and/or changed hardware on your system. This service is only run during the boot process. Ensure not to disable runlevel services that are needed by the system to run smoothly. </span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">Here are examples of Red Hat Runlevel System Services which you may or may not want to enable:</span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">gpm </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">needed if you want to use the mouse at the console</span></span></li><li><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">kudzu</span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">important for detecting new hardware</span></span></li><li><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">syslog </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">important for syslog services</span></span></li><li><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">netfs </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">needed only if there are NFS shares that should be mounted at boot time</span></span></li><li><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">network </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">important for starting network interfaces (e.g. eth0, eth1, bonding,...)</span></span></li><li><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">random </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">used for the system entropy pool</span></span></li><li><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">atd </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">needed if the at(1) service is used instead of cron</span></span></li><li><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">apmd </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">Advanced Power Management (APM) daemon is used for laptops and some desktops</span></span></li><li><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">isdn </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">needed if ISDN is being used</span></span></li><li><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">iptables </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">needed if Netfilter (iptables) Firewall is being used</span></span></li><li><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">ip6tables</span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">needed if ip6tables Firewall is being used</span></span></li><li><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">pcmcia </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">not needed on servers - needed for laptops</span></span></li><li><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">irqbalance </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">important for distributing interrupts across all CPUs</span></span></li><li><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">sendmail</span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">needed if Sendmail is used - Procmail should be used which is more secure</span></span></li><li><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">autofs </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">needed if automounter is used - production applications should not be dependent on automounter</span></span></li><li><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">sshd </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">important for logins via SSH</span></span></li><li><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">portmap </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">needed if e.g. NFS is being used</span></span></li><li><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">nfslock </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">needed if NFS shares are mounted</span></span></li><li><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">nfs </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">needed if server runs the NFS server</span></span></li><li><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">mdmonitor </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">needed only if software RAID is being used</span></span></li><li><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">crond </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">important for running cron jobs</span></span></li><li><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">xinetd </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">needed if xinetd services are being used, see /etc/xinetd.d/ for list of services</span></span></li><li><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">cups </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">needed if CUPS is used for the printing system</span></span></li><li><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">rhnsd </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">needed if server should connect to RHN to check for software updates etc.</span></span></li><li><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">sysstat </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">needed to reset system statistics logs</span></span></li><li><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">audit </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">needed only if Linux Audit Subsystem (LAuS) should run for collecting system call audit records</span></span></li><li><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">psacct </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">needed only if kernel process accounting information is needed</span></span></li><li><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">smartd </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">important for monitoring disk problems if hard disks support SMART technology</span></span></li><li><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">netdump</span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">important if kernel oops data and memory dumps should be sent to a Netdump server for server crashes</span></span></li></ul></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">The start/stop scripts of all runlevel services can be found in the /etc/init.d directory. For example, if you don't know what the atd service does, go to/etc/init.d and open the file atd. And in the script look for lines that start programs. In the atd script the "daemon /usr/sbin/atd" line starts the binary atd. Now having the name of the program that is started by this service, you can check the online pages of atd by running man atd. This will help you to find out more about a system service. </span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">To permanently disable e.g. the runlevel service nfs, run:</span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">chkconfig nfs off</span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">To immediately disable the runlevel service nfs, run:</span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';">/etc/init.d/nfs stop</span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>Vibhor Gaurhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13254609138390029867noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8483564921655427997.post-88578513589706640842009-01-24T16:45:00.000+05:302009-01-24T17:08:06.283+05:30Add user in LDAP Database using Script<pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Adding the user in LDAP database using the script</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">#!/bin/bash</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">adduser $1</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">passwd $1</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">cat /etc/passwd | grep $1</span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">>> /tmp/changeldappasswd.tmp</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">/usr/share/openldap/migration/migrate_passwd.pl /tmp/changeldappasswd.tmp /tmp/changeldappasswd.ldif.tmp</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">cat /tmp/changeldappasswd.ldif.tmp | sed s/padl/mydomain/ > /tmp/changeldappasswd.ldif</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">ldapadd -f /tmp/changeldappasswd.ldif -x -D "cn=Manager,dc=mydomain,dc=com" -w secret</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">rm -rf /tmp/changeldappasswd.*</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></pre><pre><br /></pre><pre>OUTPUT: </pre><pre>ldapadd -f changeldappasswd.ldif -x -D "cn=Manager,dc=mydomain,dc=com" -w secret adding new entry "uid=test,ou=People,dc=mydomain,dc=com"<br /></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Output of </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">this script will be like this (if you want to check the temporary files before completion)</span></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"># cat /tmp/changeldappasswd.ldif</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">dn: uid=test,ou=People,dc=mydomain,dc=com</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">uid: test</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">cn: test</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">objectClass: account</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">objectClass: posixAccount</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">objectClass: top</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">objectClass: shadowAccount</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">userPassword: {crypt}$1$RilVIlhw$yUZNJ8VpXDxr9xzsOQ6pi1</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">shadowLastChange: 14268</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">shadowMax: 99999</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">shadowWarning: 7</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">loginShell: /bin/bash</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">uidNumber: 503</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">gidNumber: 503</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">homeDirectory: /home/test</span><o:p></o:p></span></pre>Vibhor Gaurhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13254609138390029867noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8483564921655427997.post-28916686964561361022009-01-24T16:44:00.000+05:302009-02-04T16:38:13.209+05:30Configuring The LDAP Client<h1 align="center" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" font-weight: normal; font-size:13px;">When we have configured our LDAP server properly, we can configure and test the client.</span><br /></h1> <h2><a name="Edit_the_ldap.conf_configuration_file"></a><span class="mw-headline"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Edit the ldap.conf configuration file</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">LDAP clients are configured using the /etc/openldap/ldap.conf file. We need to make sure that the file refers to the LDAP server's IP address for the mydomain.com. The file should look like this: <o:p></o:p></span></p> <pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">HOST x.x.x.x<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">BASE dc=mydomain,dc=com<o:p></o:p></span></pre> <h2><a name="Edit_the_.2Fetc.2Fnsswitch_file"></a><span class="mw-headline"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Edit the /etc/nsswitch file</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">The <code><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">/etc/nsswitch.conf</span></code> file defines the order in which the Linux operating system searches login databases for login information. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Here we want to configure it to first search its <code><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">/etc/passwd file</span></code>. If it doesn't find the user password information there, it goes to the LDAP server. The easiest way set this up is to use the <code><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">/usr/bin/authconfig-tui</span></code> command or using the setup command and there select Authentication Configuration: <o:p></o:p></span></p> <ol start="1" type="1"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Select use LDAP. <o:p></o:p></span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Give the LDAP server's IP address, which is x.x.x.x. <o:p></o:p></span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Give the base DN as dc=mydomain,dc=com<o:p></o:p></span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Do not select TLS. <o:p></o:p></span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Use MD5 and shadow passwords. <o:p></o:p></span></li> </ol> <p><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">After finishing the same, once check the details in <code><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">/etc/nsswitch.conf</span></code> file and make sure it has references to LDAP. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <h2><a name="Create_Home_Directories_On_The_LDAP_Clie"></a><span class="mw-headline"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Create Home Directories On The LDAP Client</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2> <h3><a name="Check_if_ldapuser_is_Missing_From_the_.2"></a><span class="mw-headline"><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;">Check if ldapuser is Missing From the /etc/passwd file</span></span><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">We can look for ldapuser by searching the /etc/passwd file with the grep command. <u>There should be no response.</u> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"># grep ldapuser /etc/passwd<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><a name="Create_The_Home_Directory_For_ldapuser_O"></a><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"><o:p> </o:p></span></pre><pre><span class="mw-headline"><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">Create The Home Directory For ldapuser On The LDAP Client</span></span><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"> # mkdir /home/ldapuser<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"># chmod 700 /home/ldapuser/<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"><o:p> </o:p></span></pre>Vibhor Gaurhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13254609138390029867noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8483564921655427997.post-2024543284491547752009-01-24T16:42:00.000+05:302009-01-24T17:34:35.897+05:30HOW TO CONFIGURE LDAP SERVER<p align="center" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:13px;">First we need to make sure that these required LDAP Server RPMs are installed on our LDAP server such as openldap-2.3.27-5.</span><br /></p> <h2><a name="Required_LDAP_Server_RPMS"></a><span class="mw-headline"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Other required LDAP Server RPMS </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2> <pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">openldap-clients-2.3.27-5<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">openldap-devel-2.3.27-5<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">nss_ldap-253-3<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">openldap-servers-2.3.27-5<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif";mso-bidi-font-weight:boldfont-family:";">compat-openldap-2.3.27_2.2.29-5<o:p></o:p></span></pre> <h2><span class="mw-headline"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Required LDAP RPMS for Client Machine</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">We will have to make sure that the following packages are installed on our LDAP client. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">openldap-2.3.27-5<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">openldap-devel-2.3.27-5<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">openldap-clients-2.3.27-5<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">nss_ldap-253-3<o:p></o:p></span></pre> <h1 align="center" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-headline"><u><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Configuring The LDAP Server</span></u></span><u><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></h1> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">While we are going to configure LDAP Server, for this we must create an LDAP database and into which we can import the /etc/passwd file. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Here are the steps by step procedure: <o:p></o:p></span></p> <h2 style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2"><a name="Create_a_database_directory"></a><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">1.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span class="mw-headline"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Create a Database Directory</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">In Redhat Enterprise Linux, LDAP by default use <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>/var/lib/ldap directory to put all the databases. For the example, create a dedicated mydomain.com directory, which should be owned by the user ldap. No need to create ldap user, because this user always created during the RPM installation.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"># mkdir /var/lib/ldap/mydomain.com<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"># chown ldap:ldap /var/lib/ldap/mydomain.com<o:p></o:p></span></pre> <h2 style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2"><a name="Create_an_LDAP_.22root.22_password"></a><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">2.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span class="mw-headline"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Create an LDAP "root" password</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2> <p><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Only the LDAP root user can create, import data, and export data into an LDAP database. Encrypted password is required for root user. We can create it with the slappasswd command and paste the result in the LDAP configuration file. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"># slappasswd<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">New password:<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">Re-enter new password:<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">{SSHA}v4qLq/qy01w9my60LLX9BvfNUrRhOjQZ<o:p></o:p></span></pre> <h2 style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2"><a name="Create_a_Test_Account_Named_ldapuser"></a><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">3.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span class="mw-headline"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Create a Test Account Named ldapuser</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Here we are creating a ldapuser account for testing purpose, using this command. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"># useradd -g users ldapuser<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"># passwd ldapuser<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">Changing password for user ldapuser.<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">New password: <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">Retype new password: <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.<o:p></o:p></span></pre> <h2 style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2"><a name="Edit_the_slapd.conf_file"></a><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">4.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span class="mw-headline"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Edit the slapd.conf file</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">The LDAP server's daemon is named <code><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">slapd</span></code> and its configuration file is named <code><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">/etc/openldap/slapd.conf</span></code>. Update it with: <o:p></o:p></span></p> <ul type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">A database of the default type bdb using the domain suffix mydomain.com made up of domain components (DCs) mydomain and com. <o:p></o:p></span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">The root user with a common name (CN), or nickname, of Manager who, as expected, is part of the mydomain and com DCs. <o:p></o:p></span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">The encrypted version of the LDAP root password as well as the location of the LDAP database. <o:p></o:p></span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">The configuration file syntax to configure LDAP is: <o:p></o:p></span></p> <pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">database<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>bdb<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">suffix<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>"dc=mydomain,dc=com"<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">rootdn<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>"cn=Manager,dc=mydomain,dc=com"<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre>rootpw secret</pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">rootpw<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>{SSHA}v4qLq/qy01w9my60LLX9BvfNUrRhOjQZ<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">directory<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>/var/lib/ldap/mydomain.com<o:p></o:p></span></pre> <h2 style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2"><a name="Create_Your_LDAP_Database"></a><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">5.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span class="mw-headline"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Create Your LDAP Database</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">This process involves migrating our system’s authentication files to the LDAP database which we will need to create. Here’s what we need to do: <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">1. Update our file location database with the updated command. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"># updatedb<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">2. Locate migrate_common.ph file. Here we can see it is located in the /usr/share/openldap/migration/ directory. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"># locate migrate_common.ph<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">Output :<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>/usr/share/openldap/migration/migrate_common.ph<o:p></o:p></span></pre> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">3. We have to edit this file and replace all instances of the string “padl” with the string “mydomain”. Padl is the website used by some of the LDAP development team. We need our domain to be “mydomain” instead so it matches our /etc/openldap/slapd.conf file. The migrate_common.ph file will be used later by the migration script. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">4. Copy the DB_CONFIG.example starter file to our ldap database directory of /var/lib/ldap/mydomain.com. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"># cp /etc/openldap/DB_CONFIG.example<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>/var/lib/ldap/mydomain.com/DB_CONFIG<o:p></o:p></span></pre> <p><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">5. Now we have to migrate our system authentication files using the migrate_all_offline.sh script that should reside in the same directory as the migrate_common.ph file. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"># /usr/share/openldap/migration/migrate_all_offline.sh<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">Creating naming context entries...<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">Migrating groups...<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">Migrating hosts...<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">...<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">...<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">...<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">Preparing LDAP database...<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">=> bdb_tool_entry_put: id2entry_add failed: DB_KEYEXIST: Key/data pair already exists (-30996)<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">=> bdb_tool_entry_put: txn_aborted! DB_KEYEXIST: Key/data pair already exists (-30996) slapadd: could not add entry dn="cn=raid-am,ou=Services,dc=mydomain,dc=com"(line=16432): txn_aborted! DB_KEYEXIST: Key/data pair already exists (-30996) Migration failed: saving failed LDIF to /tmp/nis.ldif.E14499<o:p></o:p></span></pre> <p><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">6. LDAP would not start unless the files in the database directory are owned by the ldap user. Use the chown command to do this. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"># chown -R ldap:ldap /var/lib/ldap/mydomain.com<o:p></o:p></span></pre> <p><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">7. Start LDAP and make sure it should start on reboot. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"># service ldap start<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">Starting slapd: [<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>OK<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>]<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"># chkconfig ldap on<o:p></o:p></span></pre> <p><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Now we are ready to go forward! As our database has been created. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <h2><a name="Test_the_LDAP_database"></a><span class="mw-headline"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Test the LDAP database</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">For the testing purpose, we can view all the LDAP database entries at the same time with the ldapsearch command; this is a good test to make sure that we have all the correct functionality. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"># ldapsearch -x -b 'dc=example,dc=com' '(objectclass=*)'<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"><o:p> </o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">OUTPUT should be like this <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"># echo, Services, mydomain.com<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">dn: cn=echo,ou=Services,dc=mydomain,dc=com<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">objectClass: ipService<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">objectClass: top<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">ipServicePort: 4<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">ipServiceProtocol: ddp<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">cn: echo<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"><o:p> </o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"># rje, Services, mydomain.com<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">dn: cn=rje,ou=Services,dc=mydomain,dc=com<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">objectClass: ipService<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">objectClass: top<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">ipServicePort: 5<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">ipServiceProtocol: udp<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">ipServiceProtocol: tcp<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">cn: rje<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"><o:p> </o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"><o:p> </o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"># test, People, mydomain.com<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">dn: uid=test,ou=People, dc=mydomain,dc=com<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">uid: test<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">cn: test<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">objectClass: account<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">objectClass: posixAccount<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">objectClass: top<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">objectClass: shadowAccount<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">userPassword:: e2NyeXB0fSQxJFJpbFZJbGh3JHlVWk5KOFZwWER4cjl4enNPUTZwaTE=<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">shadowLastChange: 14268<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">shadowMax: 99999<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">shadowWarning: 7<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">loginShell: /bin/bash<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">uidNumber: 503<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">gidNumber: 503<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">homeDirectory: /home/test<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"><o:p> </o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"># search result<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">search: 2<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";">result: 0 Success<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"><o:p> </o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"># numResponses: 323<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style="Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";"># numEntries: 322<o:p></o:p></span></pre> <h1 align="center" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-headline"><u><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">THIS IS NOT A COMPLETE RESULT OUTPUT, ITS ONLY A PART OF OUTPUT<o:p></o:p></span></u></span></h1>Vibhor Gaurhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13254609138390029867noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8483564921655427997.post-16698674198385664742008-12-26T16:18:00.000+05:302008-12-26T16:33:45.127+05:30WORKING WITH TAPE DRIVES<p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></p><p><span class="Heading1Char"><span style=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">Naming of SCSI tape device </span></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><br /><br /></span></p><p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">The st driver provides the interface to a variety of SCSI tape devices under Linux.</span></p> <ul type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">First (auto rewind) SCSI tape device name: /dev/st0 </span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Second (auto rewind) SCSI tape device name: /dev/st1 </span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">First the non-rewind SCSI tape devices: /dev/nst0 </span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Second the non-rewind SCSI tape devices: /dev/nst1 </span></li> </ul> <p><br /></p><p><span class="Heading1Char"><span style=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">Naming of IDE tape device</span><br /></span> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">The ht driver provides the interface to a variety of IDE tape devices under Linux.</span></p> <ul type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list .5in"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">First (auto rewind) IDE tape device name: /dev/ht0 </span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list .5in"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Second (auto rewind) IDE tape device name: /dev/ht1 </span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list .5in"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">First the non-rewind IDE tape devices: /dev/nht0 </span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list .5in"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Second the non-rewind IDE tape devices: /dev/nht1 </span></li> </ul> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> </span></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Find out at which block you are with mt command:</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><code><span style="mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";font-size:12.0pt;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> </span></o:p></span></code></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><code><span style="mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";font-size:12.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"># mt -f /dev/st0 tell</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></code></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> </span></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> </span></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Check if tape drive is online:</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> </span><a name="OLE_LINK1"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"># mt -f /dev/st0 status</span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><br /><br /></span> </p> <p class="MsoSubtitle"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">OUTPUT : </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><tt><span style="mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";font-size:12.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">SCSI 2 tape drive:</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></tt></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><tt><span style="mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";font-size:12.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">File number=0, block number=0, partition=0.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></tt></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><tt><span style="mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";font-size:12.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Tape block size 0 bytes. Density code 0x40 (DLT1 40 GB, or Ultrium).</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></tt></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><tt><span style="mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";font-size:12.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Soft error count since last status=0</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></tt></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><tt><span style="mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";font-size:12.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">General status bits on (41010000):</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></tt></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><tt><span style="mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";font-size:12.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">BOT ONLINE IM_REP_EN</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></tt></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> </span></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Rewind tape drive</span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">:</span><code><span style="mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";font-size:12.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"># mt -f /dev/st0 rewind</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></code></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><code><span style="mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";font-size:12.0pt;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> </span></o:p></span></code></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Erase tape drive:</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> # mt -f /dev/st0 erase<br /><br /></span> <strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Copy some content to a tape drive</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> : # tar -cvf /dev/st0 /content_path/content.archive<br /></span> <b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><br /></span> <strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">List files on a tape</span></strong></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">: # tar -tvf /dev/st0<br /><br /></span> <strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Restore from the tape: </span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">#</span></span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> tar -xvf /dev/st0<br /><br /></span> <strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Restore an specific archive: </span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight: normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"># </span></span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">tar xvf /dev/st0 /folder/archive.dmp</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> </span></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Backup directory /www and /home with tar command (z - compressed):</span></b><code><span style="mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt;mso-bidi-Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";font-size:12.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></code></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><code><span style="mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";font-size:12.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"># tar -czf /dev/st0 /www /home</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></code></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><code><span style="mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";font-size:12.0pt;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> </span></o:p></span></code></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Restore /www directory:</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><code><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";font-size:12.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"># </span></span></b></code><code><span style="mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";font-size:12.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">cd /</span></span></code><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><br /></span> <code><span style="mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi- Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";font-size:12.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"># mt -f /dev/st0 rewind</span></span></code><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><br /></span> <code><span style="mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi- Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";font-size:12.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"># tar -xzf /dev/st0 www</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></code></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><code><span style="mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";font-size:12.0pt;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> </span></o:p></span></code></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Unload the tape:</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><code><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";font-size:12.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"># </span></span></b></code><code><span style="mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";font-size:12.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">mt -f /dev/st0 offline</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></code></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><code><span style="mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";font-size:12.0pt;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> </span></o:p></span></code></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">You can go BACKWARD or FORWARD on tape with mt command itself:</span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><br /></span> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Go to end of data</span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">:</span><code><span style="mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";font-size:12.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"># mt -f /dev/nst0 eod</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></code></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Goto previous record:</span><code><span style="mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";font-size:12.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"># </span></span></code></b><code><span style="mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";font-size:12.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">mt -f /dev/nst0 bsfm 1</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></code></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Forward record</span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">:</span><code><span style="mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";font-size:12.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"># mt -f /dev/nst0 fsf 1</span></span></code><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> </span></o:p></p> <p><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">tar backup on tape through ssh </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p><code><span style="mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi- Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";font-size:12.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"># tar -cvzf /www | ssh root@station.domain.com "cat > /backup/www.tar.gz"</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></code></p> <p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">OR</span></p> <p><code><span style="mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi- Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";font-size:12.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"># tar zcvf - /www | ssh root@192.168.1.101 "cat > /backup/www.tar.gz"</span></span></code></p> <p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Output: </span></p> <pre><span style=" ;font-family:'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">tar: Removing leading `/' from member names</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></pre><pre><span style=" ;font-family:'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">/www/</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></pre><pre><span style=" ;font-family:'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">/www/n/xx.in/</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></pre><pre><span style=" ;font-family:'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">/www/c/zasx.asd/</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></pre><pre><span style=" ;font-family:'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">....</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></pre><pre><span style=" ;font-family:'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">..</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></pre><pre><span style=" ;font-family:'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> </span></o:p></span></pre> <p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">You can also use dd command for clarity purpose:</span></p> <p><code><span style="mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi- Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";font-size:12.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"># tar cvzf - /www | ssh root@192.168.1.101 "dd of=/backup/www.tar.gz"</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></code></p> <p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">It is also possible to dump backup to remote tape device:</span></p> <p><code><span style="mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi- Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";font-size:12.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"># tar cvzf - /www | ssh ssh root@192.168.1.101 "cat > /dev/st0"</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></code></p> <p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">OR</span></p> <p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">you can use mt to rewind tape and then dump it using cat command:</span></p> <p><code><span style="mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi- Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";font-size:12.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"># tar cvzf - /www | ssh ssh root@192.168.1.101 $(mt -f /dev/st0 rewind; cat > /dev/st0)$</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></code></p> <p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">You can restore tar backup over ssh session: </span></p> <p><code><span style="mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi- Times New Roman","serif"font-family:";font-size:12.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"># ssh root@192.168.1.101 "cat /backup/www.tar.gz" | tar zxvf - </span></span></code></p>Vibhor Gaurhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13254609138390029867noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8483564921655427997.post-86165721168854897132008-12-04T18:21:00.000+05:302009-01-08T12:41:05.759+05:30How To Create LVM Partition<div><p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style=" Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Hello Friends,</span></span><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style=" Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">My friend asked me a query regarding the LVM Creation with a new harddisk. So i thought that it might be helpfull to all my friends using LVM on Linux.</span></span><span style=" Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">To create LVM partition when we have a new hard disk installed on our server/system.</span></span><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><u1:p><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></u1:p></span><span style=" Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">STEP 1.</span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">fdisk /dev/hdb </span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">// create a partition in second HD</span></span><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><u1:p><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></u1:p></span><span style=" Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Now show the partition table on your system using p command.</span></span><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><u1:p><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></u1:p></span><span style=" Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Command (m for help): p </span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">// show partition table</span></span><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><br /><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">OUTPUT</span></span><br /><span class="apple-style-span">Disk /dev/hdb: ---.- GB, xxxxxxxxxx bytes</span><br /><span class="apple-style-span">xxxx heads, xx sectors/track, xxxxxx cylinders</span><br /><span class="apple-style-span">Units = cylinders of xxxxx * xxx = xxxxxxxx bytes</span><br /><span class="apple-style-span"> </span><br /><span class="apple-style-span">Device Boot </span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span">Start </span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span">End </span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span">Blocks </span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span">Id </span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span">System </span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br /><span class="apple-style-span"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">// nothing</span></span><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><u1:p><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></u1:p></span><span style=" Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Create a new partition using n option</span></span><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><u1:p><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></u1:p></span><span style=" Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Command (m for help): n </span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">// create partition</span></span><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Command action</span></span><span style=" Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><br /><span class="apple-style-span"> e extended</span><br /><span class="apple-style-span"> p primary partition (1-4)</span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">p </span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">// primary</span></span><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Partition number (1-4): 1 </span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">// partition number</span></span><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><br /><span class="apple-style-span">First cylinder (x-xxxxx, default 1): // First cylinder</span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><br /><span class="apple-style-span">Using default value 1 </span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span">Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (x-xxxxx, default xxxxx): </span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span">// Last cylinder</span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><br /><span class="apple-style-span">Using default value xxxxx</span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><u1:p><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></u1:p></span><span style=" Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">After creation of new partition we need to see our partition table.</span></span><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><u1:p><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></u1:p></span><span style=" Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Command (m for help): p </span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">// show partition table</span></span><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><u1:p><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></u1:p></span><span style=" Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">OUTPUT</span></span></span><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><br /><span class="apple-style-span">Disk /dev/hdb: xxx.x GB, xxxxxxxxxxxx bytes</span><br /><span class="apple-style-span">xxx heads, xx sectors/track, xxxxx cylinders</span><br /><span class="apple-style-span">Units = cylinders of xxxxxxx * xxx = xxxxxxx bytes</span><br /><span class="apple-style-span"> </span><br /><span class="apple-style-span"> </span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span"> Device Boot Start End</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span"> Blocks</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span"> Id</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span"> System</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br /><span class="apple-style-span"> /dev/hdb1</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span"> x</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span"> xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span">83</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span"> Linux </span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span">// created</span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><u1:p><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></u1:p></span><span style=" Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Command (m for help): t </span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">// change partition type</span></span><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Selected partition 1 </span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">// number</span></span><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Hex code (type L to list codes): L </span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">// show list of type</span></span><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><u1:p><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></u1:p></span><span style=" Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e </span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">// Linux LVM</span></span><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><br /><span class="apple-style-span">Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM)</span><br /><span class="apple-style-span"> </span><br /><span class="apple-style-span">Command (m for help): p </span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span">// show partition table</span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><u1:p><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></u1:p></span><span style=" Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">OUTPUT</span></span></span><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><br /><span class="apple-style-span">Disk /dev/hdb: xxx.x GB, xxxxxxxxxxx bytes</span><br /><span class="apple-style-span">xxx heads, xx sectors/track, xxxxx cylinders</span><br /><span class="apple-style-span">Units = cylinders of xxxxx * xxx = xxxxxxxxx bytes</span><br /><span class="apple-style-span"> </span><br /><span class="apple-style-span">Device Boot Start </span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span">End </span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span">Blocks </span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span">Id </span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span">System</span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">/dev/hdb1 </span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> x</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> xxxxx</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> xxxxxxxx</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">8e </span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Linux LVM </span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">// changed</span></span><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><br /><span class="apple-style-span">Command (m for help): w </span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span">// save and exit</span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><u1:p><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></u1:p></span><span style=" Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><br /><span class="apple-style-span"><b>STEP 2.</b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b> </b></span><span class="apple-style-span">fdisk -l /dev/hdb // show status</span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><u1:p><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></u1:p></span><span style=" Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><u1:p><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></u1:p></span><span style=" Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">STEP 3.</span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Now we need to create Physical Volume</span></span><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">pvcreate /dev/hdb1 </span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">// create Physical Volume</span></span><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><u1:p><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></u1:p></span><span style=" Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">If we need to specify partition size, use command as below</span></span><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><u1:p><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></u1:p></span><span style=" Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">pvcreate --setphysicalvolumesize 100G /dev/hdb1</span></span><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><u1:p><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></u1:p></span><span style=" Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><u1:p><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></u1:p></span><span style=" Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">To display status of Physical volume (Optional)</span></span><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><u1:p><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></u1:p></span><span style=" Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">pvdisplay /dev/hdb1 </span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">// display status</span></span><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><u1:p><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></u1:p></span><span style=" Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">STEP 4.</span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">We can change the volume size of Physical volume (Optional)</span></span><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><u1:p><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></u1:p></span><span style=" Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">pvresize --setphysicalvolumesize 100G /dev/hdb1</span></span><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><u1:p><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></u1:p></span><span style=" Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">STEP 5.</span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">To show the physical volume</span></span><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">pvs /dev/hdb1</span></span><span style=" Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><u1:p><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></u1:p></span><span style=" Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">STEP 6.</span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> To Scan the Physical volume</span></span><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">pvscan </span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">/dev/hdb1</span></span><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><u1:p><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></u1:p></span><span style=" Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><u1:p><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></u1:p></span><span style=" Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Now we can create Logical Volume, using the following steps.</span></span><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="apple-style-span"><u1:p><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></u1:p></span><span style=" Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:74.25pt;text-indent:-20.25pt"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">1. </span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">lvcreate –L 10G –n lvm1 vg0</span></span><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:74.25pt;text-indent:-20.25pt"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">2. </span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">lvdisplay // to display the logical volumes.</span></span><span style=" Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:74.25pt;text-indent:-20.25pt"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">3. </span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">lvextend –L 20G /dev/vg0/lvm1<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:74.25pt;text-indent:-20.25pt"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">4.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>resize2fs /dev/vg0/lvm1 </span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">//Most important thing to do in last </span></span><span style=" Courier New";font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="Courier New"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-family:'Courier New';font-size:13px;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-family:'Courier New';font-size:13px;">Note: Here i have used xxx for any number, depands on the size of the harddisk.</span></p></div>Vibhor Gaurhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13254609138390029867noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8483564921655427997.post-3312357395615824372008-11-26T15:59:00.000+05:302008-11-26T16:28:22.990+05:30IE 8.0 shook the Market Share<p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Courier New"font-family:";font-size:11.0pt;">Hello Friends,<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:15px;"><br /></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Courier New"font-family:";font-size:11.0pt;">I got good news for Internet Explorer users while I was searching about market share of web browsers. Internet Explorer 8.0 usage share long jumped after its beta2 release. <span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color:black;">Within three days of its release, usage share was already 500% above the peak beta 1 usage share.</span></span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Courier New";font-family:";font-size:11.0pt;color:black;"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><br />As all of us know that <span class="apple-style-span">beta 1 was primarily a developer's preview, beta 2 is the first release to have the new features intended for the final release. These features include a much improved address bar, private mode browsing, better tabs and improved navigation.</span></span><span style="Courier New"font-family:";font-size:11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Courier New"font-family:";font-size:11.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" Courier New"font-family:";font-size:11.0pt;">As Internet Explorer beta2 version is adding some new features <span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color:black;">including</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color:black;"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><i><span style="color:black;">WebSlices</span></i></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color:black;"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color:black;">and <i>Activities</i>.</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color:black;"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color:black;">In the second beta release,</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color:black;"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><i><span style="color:black;">Activities</span></i></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color:black;"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color:black;">are renamed to</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color:black;"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><i><span style="color:black;">Accelerators</span></i><span style="color:black;">.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:11.0pt;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0in;text-align:justify;line-height:18.0pt"><span style=" Courier New";font-family:";font-size:11.0pt;color:black;">Some of the features and changes for the Beta 2 compared to Beta 1.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 18pt; "><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;font-size:11.0pt;color:black;"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">§<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:11.0pt;color:black;">InPrivate<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 18pt; "><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;font-size:11.0pt;color:black;"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">§<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:11.0pt;color:black;">Delete Browsing History<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 18pt; "><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;font-size:11.0pt;color:black;"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">§<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:11.0pt;color:black;">Search Suggestions<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 18pt; "><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;font-size:11.0pt;color:black;"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">§<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:11.0pt;color:black;">User Preference Protection<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 18pt; "><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;font-size:11.0pt;color:black;"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">§<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:11.0pt;color:black;">Caret Browsing<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 18pt; "><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;font-size:11.0pt;color:black;"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">§<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><i><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:11.0pt;color:black;">Accelerators</span></i><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:11.0pt;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="Courier New";font-family:";font-size:11.0pt;color:black;">(previously known as<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>Activities</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 18pt; "><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;font-size:11.0pt;color:black;"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">§<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:11.0pt;color:black;">Web Slices (previously known as<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>WebSlices</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 18pt; "><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;font-size:11.0pt;color:black;"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">§<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:11.0pt;color:black;">Suggested Sites<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 18pt; "><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;font-size:11.0pt;color:black;"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">§<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:11.0pt;color:black;">Tab Color Grouping<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 18pt; "><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;font-size:11.0pt;color:black;"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">§<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:11.0pt;color:black;">Automatic Crash Recovery<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 18pt; "><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;font-size:11.0pt;color:black;"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">§<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:11.0pt;color:black;">SmartScreen Filter (previously known as the Safety Filter)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 18pt; "><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;font-size:11.0pt;color:black;"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">§<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:11.0pt;color:black;">Tab isolation<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:1.2pt; text-align:justify;line-height:18.0pt"><span style=" Courier New";font-family:";font-size:11.0pt;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <h4 style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.05in;margin-left: 0in;text-align:justify;line-height:14.25pt"><a name="Removed_features"></a><span class="mw-headline"><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:11.0pt;color:black;">Removed features</span></span><span style=" Courier New";font-family:";font-size:11.0pt;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:1.2pt; margin-left:.25in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list .5in"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;font-size:11.0pt;color:black;"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">§<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:11.0pt;color:black;">Inline AutoComplete<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:1.2pt; margin-left:.25in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list .5in"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;font-size:11.0pt;color:black;"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">§<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:11.0pt;color:black;">The option to delete files and settings stored by addons or ActiveX controls.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:1.2pt; margin-left:.25in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list .5in"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;font-size:11.0pt;color:black;"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">§<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="Courier New"; font-family:";font-size:11.0pt;color:black;">CSS Expressions are no longer supported in Internet Explorer 8 Standards mode<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="Courier New"font-family:";font-size:11.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="Courier New"font-family:";font-size:8.0pt;">Reference:</span></b><span style="Courier New"font-family:";font-size:8.0pt;"> <a href="http://marketshare.hitslink.com/report.aspx?sample=19&qprid=34&qpcustom=Microsoft+Internet+Explorer+8.0">http://marketshare.hitslink.com/report.aspx?sample=19&qprid=34&qpcustom=Microsoft+Internet+Explorer+8.0</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="Courier New"font-family:";font-size:8.0pt;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_explorer_8">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_explorer_8</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p></p>Vibhor Gaurhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13254609138390029867noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8483564921655427997.post-57565685038504248622008-11-20T18:00:00.000+05:302008-11-26T16:30:16.369+05:30Windows Data Backup on Linux Server (SyncBack Details)<div style="text-align: justify;">Hello Friends,<br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">As I have posted my earlier post regarding <a href="http://vibhorgaurs.blogspot.com/2008/11/windows-data-backup-on-linux-server.html"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">Windows Data Backup on Linux Server</span></a>, after reading the comments, I came to know the curiosity my friends to know more about this. As a blogger it becomes my responsibility to give more n more details to my friends.<br /></div><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8YNFOE45t4jH-ec1btMf0w5id8M-2gluZoBvQjya0kx8geXTqapOJO5CwI-XBMGAwFlrx9Lneb1jp0RCyDXjUynsnXSfVIqzxELWSY3FxBvz06RIezqdtVaCMhYZBnFAF0lD3dEIiZ6Sm/s1600-h/backup.gif"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 289px; height: 139px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8YNFOE45t4jH-ec1btMf0w5id8M-2gluZoBvQjya0kx8geXTqapOJO5CwI-XBMGAwFlrx9Lneb1jp0RCyDXjUynsnXSfVIqzxELWSY3FxBvz06RIezqdtVaCMhYZBnFAF0lD3dEIiZ6Sm/s320/backup.gif" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5270717733153012930" /></a><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">I am feeling pleasure to give the details. Its completely one time installation and become tension free of your data backup.<br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><div style="text-align: justify;">Benefits :<br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">1. Modes – Easy/Expert<br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">2. Backup<br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">3. Synchronization<br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">4. Restoration<br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">5. Finding your files (On Source & Destination)<br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">6. Backup Scheduling<br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Friends, SyncBack works in two modes that are Easy & Expert modes. In Easy mode, we can take and restore backup from one device to another while in Expert mode, we can take and restore backup on remote machines/devices.<br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">SyncBack can be used for Backup of data from Source to Destination and also supports synchronization i.e. compares the files on both source and destination.<br /></div><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW3JDPFPrABKRco-fAVb6sDJ6fI2QEUhkYVo0l0ub9Oc23q93zuPpTa6Gu9Rv41Y3I9Ocb1kl6VFFNFboW19pe3KYt9Xw5KlcSL-ewMabeqB2Xkp5E17F7fRsq1q1jdkdb8IpW1Szl7Koz/s1600-h/sync.gif"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 150px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW3JDPFPrABKRco-fAVb6sDJ6fI2QEUhkYVo0l0ub9Oc23q93zuPpTa6Gu9Rv41Y3I9Ocb1kl6VFFNFboW19pe3KYt9Xw5KlcSL-ewMabeqB2Xkp5E17F7fRsq1q1jdkdb8IpW1Szl7Koz/s320/sync.gif" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5270717967063048130" /></a><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Restoration can be done from Destination to Source but <span class="Apple-style-span" style=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Running a restore operation is not reversible</span></span>. So always be sure of data before restoration.<br /></div><div><br /></div><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgI7dTqexG6ZON5A9s__p5Sbu97DtioqdC-iTSrb3Rl4tcojg_XIm3wH-A9WwrI9VsNJgwzEa3GJxTBxREGuA6UIHd9NPHMe23qfxpDezsSXQhRK26GgR3GE1pfujut5vVYPZR1fC67I-ZN/s1600-h/restore.gif"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 289px; height: 139px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgI7dTqexG6ZON5A9s__p5Sbu97DtioqdC-iTSrb3Rl4tcojg_XIm3wH-A9WwrI9VsNJgwzEa3GJxTBxREGuA6UIHd9NPHMe23qfxpDezsSXQhRK26GgR3GE1pfujut5vVYPZR1fC67I-ZN/s320/restore.gif" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5270717905735605858" /></a><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Data Selection on source and place for data store on destination is very simple. Data can be stored on FTP Server and Samba Server in Expert mode only.<br /></div><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHuFGH0WP0rUA2xKrwjyO8ZW2w7IHrQvP36o6tHxCjnSsPiU819ZVOOofGff-HiQciiI9ydfAYMiSms5aaFePNXFfbWP-el_fE2e9ykbp1HCinEIWmPjorJQ6e3I30UbkX9YbE5beZ-KDo/s1600-h/location.gif"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 262px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHuFGH0WP0rUA2xKrwjyO8ZW2w7IHrQvP36o6tHxCjnSsPiU819ZVOOofGff-HiQciiI9ydfAYMiSms5aaFePNXFfbWP-el_fE2e9ykbp1HCinEIWmPjorJQ6e3I30UbkX9YbE5beZ-KDo/s320/location.gif" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5270717792427951490" /></a><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">SyncBackSE will run on the following Windows operating systems:</div></div><div><div style="text-align: justify;">SyncBackSE requires Windows 2000, Windows XP, or Windows 2003<br /></div></div><div><br /></div><div><br /><div style="text-align: left;">For more details, I think this site is good : <a href="http://www.2brightsparks.com/tutorials/tutorials-hub.html">http://www.2brightsparks.com/tutorials/tutorials-hub.html</a>. (It will give you lot of help)<br /></div></div>Vibhor Gaurhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13254609138390029867noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8483564921655427997.post-60954522178931293492008-11-18T15:29:00.001+05:302009-07-15T13:01:04.516+05:30How to configure Yum Server & Client ConfigurationFew days back, We were creating a network for an institute. I had installed a Linux workstation on LAN but after installation I need to install some more packages as per the requirement of client. Though I need to copy packages from CD’s again n again and due to unavailability of Internet, I was unable to use yum update/install from internet.<br /><br />It was a repeated task for me to do on all workstations, so I made my own YUM SERVER which was very helpful for me to install workstation and update any package through my YUM Server.<br /><br />Then I thought to share my experience with all my friends who are using Linux and face same kind of conditions and waste our time in installing dependencies n all.<br /><br />This is the quickest and short method to finish our work in time.<br /><br />Yum Configuration<br /><br />For making YUM SERVER<br /><br />First copy to cd/dvd in the directory /var/ftp/pub<br /><br />#mount /dev/cdrom /mnt<br />#cp -rvf /mnt/* /var/ftp/pub<br />#cd /var/ftp/pub<br />#cp Server/repodata/……… .xml Server<br />#cp VT/repodata/………….xml VT<br />#cp Cluster/repodata/……….xml Cluster<br />#cp ClusterStorage/repodata/……….xml ClusterStorage<br />#<br />#rpm -ivh createrepo.......................<br />#createrepo -vg ………….xml Server<br />#createrepo -vg ………….xml VT<br />#createrepo -vg ………….xml Cluster<br />#createrepo -vg ………….xml ClusterStorage<br /><br />#cd /etc/yum.repos.d<br />#vi server.repo<br />[Server]<br />name= Yum Server Repository<br />baseurl=file:///var/ftp/pub/Server<br />gpgcheck=0<br /><br />[VT]<br />name=Yum VT Server<br />baseurl=file:///var/ftp/pub/Server<br />gpgcheck=0<br /><br />[Cluster]<br />name=Yum Cluster Server<br />baseurl=file:///var/ftp/pub/Cluster<br />gpgcheck=0<br /><br />[ClusterStorage]<br />name=Yum ClusterStorage Server<br />baseurl=file:///var/ftp/pub/ClusterStorage<br />gpgcheck=0<br /><br />#yum clean all<br />#yum list<br />#yum grouplist<br /><br />Now here you can see your yum is working.<br /><br />OK.<br /><br />Now u test it so install any package.<br /><br />#yum install system-config-kickstart*<br /><br />If you want to install a group<br /><br />#yum groupinstall “Virtualization”<br /><br />if u want to remove it then<br /><br />#yum remove system-config-kickstart*<br /><br />Now Server configurations are done.<br /><br />Its time to configure on client machine<br /><br /><br />For making CLIENT<br /><br />#chkconfig vsftpd on<br /><br />make a repository file<br />#cd /etc/repos.d<br /><br />#vi client.repo<br /><br />[Server]<br />name=client server yum<br />baseurl=ftp://x.x.x.x/pub/Server<br />gpgcheck=0<br /><br />[VT]<br />name=client server yum<br />baseurl=ftp://x.x.x.x/pub/VT<br />gpgcheck=0<br /><br />[Cluster]<br />name=client server yum<br />baseurl=ftp://x.x.x.x/pub/Cluster<br />gpgcheck=0<br /><br />[ClusterStorage]<br />name=client server yum<br />baseurl=ftp://x.x.x.x/pub/ClusterStorage<br />gpgcheck=0<br /><br />#yum list<br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8LdRup-bt79tsWrzZREBN5SpXi8BKvdyRhxcT_ji5TPO9_BJTrq1ZAf7zXIZm1ipQOuumv_vUGyu-bffONNFzUDfUr5biP6GvyvnUlXjMeS9Lj_htnClYSchds6wG7wcZkQ0MboclOSvN/s1600-h/yum.jpg"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 288px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8LdRup-bt79tsWrzZREBN5SpXi8BKvdyRhxcT_ji5TPO9_BJTrq1ZAf7zXIZm1ipQOuumv_vUGyu-bffONNFzUDfUr5biP6GvyvnUlXjMeS9Lj_htnClYSchds6wG7wcZkQ0MboclOSvN/s320/yum.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5269935762399205538" /></a><br /><br /><br />Now u install any package or you go to GUI and see add remove program its working fine and package option are coming that means ok. But note it client should be connected to server in LAN.<br /><br />Hope, you will also got help from my experience. In case you need any kind of help, please mail me on gaur.vibhor@gmail.com.Vibhor Gaurhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13254609138390029867noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8483564921655427997.post-63916463686439649692008-11-15T15:47:00.000+05:302008-11-26T16:34:30.521+05:30Windows Data Backup on Linux Server<div>I had a work to take backup of Windows Data Server on my Linux based backup server.<br /><br />As a user, i never tried for such kind of things specially merging the data of two different platforms. Mostly services offered by the Windows are different from Linux. In Win XP, could not find a suitable service to backup and synchronization of data on live server.<br /><br />I tried many Open Source utilities like Cygwin, Amanda Backup etc. These are very hectic and needs a lot of hardware involvement and requires a lot of settings.<br /><br />One of my friends suggested me to try SyncBack at least once.<br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgusr1gPvmJnUllE0UDD7P_CdgCYtfXq-EupWsyHWI-S52ybOa909yL1LkLWKN9KhqBFjSEMIYYCPN1NGifkn5WE5XJ_jsZMprrqub9V-CVl9wiMGaTta7pBZhMYeQ0jsyUzT1IlTdbN-Lk/s1600-h/syncback2.gif"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5268828870696945362" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 261px" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgusr1gPvmJnUllE0UDD7P_CdgCYtfXq-EupWsyHWI-S52ybOa909yL1LkLWKN9KhqBFjSEMIYYCPN1NGifkn5WE5XJ_jsZMprrqub9V-CVl9wiMGaTta7pBZhMYeQ0jsyUzT1IlTdbN-Lk/s320/syncback2.gif" border="0" /></a><br /><br />Its amazing, all the things which i needed found and works, in a very simple graphical settings.<br /><br />For further queries, please contact me on mail id gaur.vibhor@gmail.com.</div>Vibhor Gaurhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13254609138390029867noreply@blogger.com1